该研究的目的是在一个总体模型中检查疼痛和酒精之间的几种复杂的潜在双向关系. The specific aims are: 1) to test both pharmacological and expectancy effects in acute alcohol analgesia among humans; (2) test pain as a proximal antecedent of urge to drink and ad lib alcohol consumption, and to test whether acute analgesic effects predict pain-induced alcohol urge/consumption; (3) to test associations between study outcomes and candidate genetic polymorphisms that have been implicated in pain-alcohol processes; and (4) to conduct exploratory analyses of gender and pain relevant cognitive-affective factors as moderators of these outcomes.
